Typically performed after an accidental or intentional cut injury that impairs function in the hands or limbs, Tendon repair is surgery used to treat a torn or damaged tendon. Tendons are soft, band-like structures that connect muscle to bone. When the muscles contract, the tendons pull on the bones, moving the joints. Tendon injury can severely impede movement. The affected part may be weak or painful. Tendon repair surgery may be beneficial for those who have tendon injuries that prevent them from moving a joint or are extremely painful.
Tendon repair is done to restore a joint’s normal movement and needs to be done as early as possible to prevent the muscle from contracting away, preventing direct repair. Tendon injuries can occur anywhere in the body where tendons are present. Tendon injuries are most common in the shoulders, elbows, ankles, knees, and fingers. A laceration (cut) that extends beyond the skin and into the tendon can cause a tendon injury. Contact sports like football, wrestling, and rugby are other common causes of tendon injuries. Tendon degeneration can also develop in rheumatoid arthritis, which is a joint-inflammatory illness. Rheumatoid arthritis can damage tendons and cause them to tear.
In general, during tendon repair, a surgeon will:
- Make one or more small incisions (cuts) into the skin over the injured tendon.
- Sew together the damaged ends of the tendon.
- Before closing the incision, inspect the surrounding tissue for any potential damage, such as blood vessels or nerves.
- Cover the region with sterile bandages or dressings.
Immobilize or splint the joint to allow the tendon to recover.
Tendon repairs are typically performed on an outpatient basis. This means the patient can return home following surgery. If the patient is admitted to the hospital, it is usually just for a brief period of time. It may take up to 12 weeks to fully heal. To relieve stress on the healed tendon, the wounded tendon may require support from a splint or cast. Physical treatment or occupational therapy is typically required to restore safe movement. Late cases often require tendon transfer from other working tendons (ones that can be sacrificed for a more critical role).
Expect mobility to return gradually and stiffly. You may require treatment following surgery to reduce scar tissue. Too much scar tissue can make it difficult to move the injured tendon. The treatment also includes a structured physiotherapy program to allow joint movement and strengthen the repair.